reducing droplet rebound so more mixture is retained on the leaf surface;
reducing the resistance between the leaf surface and the droplet to allow spreading over a larger area of the leaf;
softening the cuticle, allowing easier penetration of the active ingredients;
readily emulsifying in water to improve tank mix characteristics, thus minimising the chances of sedimentation, flocculation or creaming of the mixture; and
controlling the evenness of chemical distribution in the spray mix so the plants receive a uniform concentration of the active ingredients.